Sulphite Allergy Overview

What is a Sulphite Allergy?

Sulphites are chemical compounds used as preservatives in various foods, drinks, and medications. While a sulphite allergy is rare, sensitivity to these compounds can lead to reactions in certain individuals, particularly those with asthma or allergic conditions.

What are the Symptoms?

The symptoms of sulphite sensitivity can vary in severity and include:

  • Mild reactions: Nausea, stomach cramps, and diarrhea.
  • Respiratory symptoms: Wheezing, coughing, or tightness in the chest, often seen in asthmatic individuals.
  • Skin reactions: Hives or rashes.
  • Severe reactions: Rare cases of anaphylaxis, requiring immediate medical attention.

Causes and Triggers

Sulphites work by releasing sulphur dioxide, a gas that can irritate the airways. This sensitivity is chemical rather than immune-mediated, meaning it is distinct from classic allergic reactions. People with asthma or a history of allergic rhinitis are more likely to experience sulphite sensitivity.

Foods and Drinks to Watch For

Sulphites can be present in surprising places. Common sources include:

  • Processed foods: Dried fruits, pickled foods, and pre-cut potatoes.
  • Beverages: Beer, wine, cider, and soft drinks.
  • Other items: Tinned coconut milk, condiments, and some medications.

Under EU regulations, foods with sulphite concentrations above 10mg/kg must clearly list this on the label. However, care should be taken with unpackaged or restaurant foods.

Diagnosis and Testing

Diagnosing sulphite sensitivity involves:

  • Food diary: Tracking symptoms and intake.
  • Elimination diets: Temporarily avoiding sulphites to see if symptoms improve.
  • Food challenge tests: Conducted under medical supervision to confirm sensitivity.

How is it Treated?

Management focuses on:

  • Avoiding foods, drinks, or products containing sulphites.
  • Maintaining control of asthma or other underlying conditions.
  • Consulting a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

Tips for Prevention

  1. Read Labels: Look for ingredients like "sulphur dioxide" or additives E220–E228.
  2. Ask Questions: Inquire about sulphites in restaurant or takeaway foods.
  3. Check Medications: Some may contain sulphites as preservatives.
  4. Carry Medications: Asthmatics should have their inhalers and those with severe reactions may need adrenaline injectors.

Who is at Risk?

  • People with asthma (5–13% sensitivity rate among asthmatics).
  • Individuals with a history of allergic rhinitis or urticaria (hives).

For more information, visit Allergy UK, Anaphylaxis UK, and the NHS.

Note: This article is intended for informational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice.